RAPID urbanisation in Sabah over the past two decades has significantly altered natural landscapes, river basin systems, and settlement patterns.
While urban growth has stimulated economic development and improved connectivity, it has also intensified flood vulnerability across both coastal and inland districts.
Sabah experiences a tropical climate characterised by high annual rainfall, particularly during the Northeast Monsoon (November-March).
Where Average annual rainfall ranges between 2,000mm and 3,500 mm, with certain interior and west coast areas receiving even higher amounts during peak monsoon months.
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